Structural transformation or elite land capture? The growth of “emergent” farmers in Zambia

Over the last decade, Zambia has witnessed a rapid increase in the number of medium-scale “emergent farms” cultivating 5–20 ha of land. This study analyzes the factors underpinning this growth. We find that the growth of emergent farmers in Zambia is primarily attributable to land acquisition by salaried urbanites and by relatively privileged rural individuals. We found little evidence to support the hypothesis that the rise of emergent farmers primarily represents a process of successful accumulation by farmers who began farming with less than 5 ha of land, a situation faced by more than 95% of farming households. We argue that these outcomes are the result of Zambia’s land administration and agricultural spending policies. Rising concentration of landholdings in Zambia raises serious questions about the potential of current agricultural growth to act as a vehicle for broad based economic growth and poverty reduction.     

Research note sport tourism versus event tourism: Considerations on a necessary distinction and integration

Abstract

Interest in sport-related tourism increased perceptibly around the millennium, however, a comprehensive conceptual framework for a classification of sport (event) tourism is still missing. The predominant focus of sport tourism encompasses event-related touristic endeavors, such as mega sport events; however, an holistic approach to sport tourism suggests the need for further integration of other sub-areas such as nonevent-related components. This research note, therefore, provides a sport tourism perspective and a methodological approach to establishing the sport tourism cube as a necessary tool for the further distinction and integration of sport and event tourism. The research aim is, therefore, to build a foundation for further scientific research in sport tourism.     

都市型观光农业发展趋势与对策研究--以北京海淀区观光农业发展为例

本文总结了都市型观光农业研究现状与我国的发展历程，分析了都市型观光农业的主要特征、功能及其发展趋势，并根据北京海淀区观光农业的管理经验，提出了加快发展都市型观光农业的具体对策。     

论体育教育与生存教育

生存教育是人类最基本的教育。体育作为教育的重要组成部分,对提高生存能力起着不可替代的作用。近年来,我国的体育教育受传统教育的影响,存在一些问题,严重制约着学校体育教育的发展。体育教育观念的更新、师资队伍的优化、评价体系的建立、校园体育文化的建设是实施生存教育的重要途径。     

中国制造企业的物流外包——供应链核心成员之路

中国已成为世界先进制造业基地,具备了融入到有竞争力的国际或国内供应链的能力,但是要想成为供应链的主要成员乃至核心成员,就必须从"中国制造"向"中国服务"转型。与制造直接配套相关的服务首推"物流服务",作为中国的制造企业,进行物流外包是提升自己核心竞争力、增强综合实力的非常关键的战略举措。     

西方主要国家的农业补贴政策及借鉴

财政对农业给与有效补贴，是当今世界许多国家，尤其是发达国家和地区普遍采取的。旨在保护和发展农业的一项重要政策。本在分别考察发达国家、发展中国家财政对农业的补贴政策的基础上，总结了世界各国政府财政农业补贴政策对我国借鉴意义。     

绿色贸易壁垒与中国农业可持续发展问题研究

绿色贸易壁垒既是世界各国保护自然资源、改善生态环境的手段 ,同时又是一种新的贸易保护形式 ,对我国农业可持续发展带来的双向影响。我们一方面要运用WTO的有关规则 ,解决因绿色壁垒引起的贸易争端 ,同时 ,更重要的是要改善我国农业的生态环境 ,提高农产品的质量 ,这既是冲破绿色贸易壁垒的需要 ,也是实现我国农业可持续发展的必然选择。     

绿色奥运中绿色营销与绿色物流发展策略的探析

从绿色奥运物质和意识两方面分析发展绿色营销,形成绿色物流管理系统是国际奥委会的政策导向和2008北京绿色奥运的需求。本文分析了绿色奥运的含义及绿色营销与绿色物流的理论基础,并提出发展绿色营销和绿色物流管理的策略。     

Shopping online for goods vs. services: where do experiential features help more?

This study investigates how the type of offer sold online (goods vs. services) moderates the relationships between perceived experiential values and customers' attitudes towards the website. A sample of 107 e‐shoppers of services and 110 e‐shoppers of physical goods responded to a survey on their most recent e‐shopping experiences. Results support the majority of hypotheses. It was found that although offering experiential values on the site improves customers' attitudes for both physical goods and services websites, the impact is much stronger in the case of services. Theoretical and managerial contributions are discussed.     

农业国内支持政策研究综述

农业的弱质性和多功能性为农业国内支持政策提供理论依据,各国普遍对农业实施农业国内支持政策。由于OECD成员国在基期国内支持水平很高以及WTO农业协议与新一轮WTO谈判的约束,国外普遍利用定量的方法研究农业支持的消减、农业谈判、欧盟扩大和农业补贴的效率等国内支持相关问题;国内有关农业国内支持的研究一般停留在定性方面,农业国内支持的定量研究尤其是优化研究很少。因此,研究如何不断提高我国农业国内支持水平,优化国内支持结构,建立合理的农业国内支持政策体系,具有一定的理论意义与实践价值。